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         article-type="Research Paper"
         xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Indian Journal of Social Enquiry</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">IJSE</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">applied</issn>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0974-9012</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Prof Gitanjali Chawla</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">IJSE1130002</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Trends in the Party System: From the Congress System to Multi Party Coalitions</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Ara</surname>
            <given-names>Zinat</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">Maharaja Agrasen College, University of Delhi</aff>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-09-02">
        <month>09</month>
        <day>02</day>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>13</volume>
      <issue>1</issue>
      <fpage>22</fpage>
      <lpage>33</lpage>
      <abstract>
        <p>Indian democracy has been operating for over seven decades which has shaped
the party system. This paper analyses the different trends in the Indian party
system. The focus is on the current phase which shows a tilt towards a stable
equilibrium.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
        <kwd>Party</kwd>
        <kwd>Democracy</kwd>
        <kwd>Party system</kwd>
        <kwd>Elections Nation building</kwd>
        <kwd>Opposition party</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
  <body>
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