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         article-type="Research Paper"
         xml:lang="en">
  <front>
    <journal-meta>
      <journal-title-group>
        <journal-title>Indian Journal of Social Enquiry</journal-title>
        <abbrev-journal-title abbrev-type="publisher">IJSE</abbrev-journal-title>
      </journal-title-group>
      <issn pub-type="epub">applied</issn>
      <issn pub-type="ppub">0974-9012</issn>
      <publisher>
        <publisher-name>Prof Gitanjali Chawla</publisher-name>
      </publisher>
    </journal-meta>
    <article-meta>
      <article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">IJSE3120004</article-id>
      <title-group>
        <article-title>Minorityism During British India</article-title>
      </title-group>
      <contrib-group>
        <contrib contrib-type="author">
          <name>
            <surname>Sinha</surname>
            <given-names>Rakesh</given-names>
          </name>
          <xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/>
        </contrib>
      </contrib-group>
      <aff id="aff1">Maharaja Agrasen College, University of Delhi</aff>
      <pub-date pub-type="epub" iso-8601-date="2026-09-02">
        <month>09</month>
        <day>02</day>
        <year>2026</year>
      </pub-date>
      <volume>12</volume>
      <issue>3</issue>
      <fpage>48</fpage>
      <lpage>57</lpage>
      <abstract>
        <p>The politics of minorityism in India was an outcome of the British design
especially thought for saving the reign of British empire. Lord Mayo, a Viceroy
and W.W. Hunter, an ICS in India, were prime contributors in this deliberate
and nefarious policy. The Wahabi movement among Muslims was also seen by
Mayo as a threat to the Empire. The movement advocated and practiced
radicalisation of Muslims and was considered an immediate danger to the
political stability and civil society. Therefore, the apologists of the Empire
wanted to pacify Muslims on the one hand and divert the anger of Muslims from
the Empire. This was laborious and was done by inventing the majorityminority dictum and by inventing a new definition of secularism. This colonial
imposed theoretical conceptualisation of secularism was perpetuated not only
during the colonial period but also in the post-colonial India. This paper looks
into the reasons why secularism in India faces both conceptual and empirical
crisis.</p>
      </abstract>
      <kwd-group kwd-group-type="author">
        <kwd>Minorityism</kwd>
        <kwd>British India</kwd>
        <kwd>Muslims</kwd>
        <kwd>Colonial Rule</kwd>
      </kwd-group>
    </article-meta>
  </front>
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