Society

Fighting corruption has emerged as a key development issue in India in recent years. More and more policymakers, businesses, and civil society organizations have begun to confront the issue openly. Corruption in India is today recognized as a complex phenomenon, as the consequence of more deep-seated problems of policy distortion, institutional incentives and governance. Viewed in this perspective, anti-corruption policies are not simply policies that can be planned in advance and isolation, but often a set of subtler insights that can be developed only in conjunction with citizen participation. The Economic Development Institute at the World Bank, in collaboration with the Transparency International and local NGOs, has developed a methodological approach integrating within one empirical framework the various components identified so far for understanding and combating corruption. In this research paper, the World Bank framework is used to understand and explain the role of state and society in combating corruption in India and consider recent initiatives for an effective action plan in this regard.

African American narratives are rooted in identity, and identity is rooted in history. While reading and analysing the autobiography of an African American sportswoman from mid-twentieth century as an African American narrative, this paper will critically analyse the autobiography of Althea Gibson, the pioneer African American athlete and her rise from the impoverished childhood in Harlem and breaking the colour barrier in her sport and her travails as an “outsider” in the lily-white sport of tennis in mid-twentieth century. It will be read through theoretical frameworks of (black) feminism reading, and critical race theory, and specifically in terms of the intersectionality of race, class and gender in the context of racial segregation in mid-twentieth century America.Althea Gibson's autobiography is used as an example for black sport autobiography as literature that can be used to examine modern sport in relation to its broader social-political contexts, and in voicing a certain kind of counter-hegemonic ways of knowing and telling- of challenging assumptions.