Migration

Pandemics and epidemics have repeatedly disrupted human societies, producing profound consequences for social, political, economic, and cultural life. Literature has documented these disruptions while also transforming experiences of disease, fear, migration, isolation, and social change into powerful narratives and metaphors. This article examines the representation of epidemics and pandemics in Indian and South Asian literature, with particular attention to Sarat Chandra Chattopadhyay’s Srikanto, Intizar Husain’s Basti, and Fakir Mohan Senapati’s Rebati. Drawing on the concept of the chronotope, the discussion explores how disease outbreaks create moments of disruption that expose existing social divisions while also creating possibilities for transformation. The narratives demonstrate how epidemics intersect with religion, caste, class, gender, migration, patriarchy, and communal relations. In Basti, plague and migration challenge established assumptions concerning religious identity, while Srikanto presents quarantine as a temporary space in which conventional social boundaries are weakened and humanitarian values gain prominence. Similarly, Rebati uses cholera as a metaphor for social resistance to women's education and the persistence of patriarchal beliefs. The article argues that literary representations of epidemics function as cultural records of historical crises and reveal the ways societies respond to uncertainty and disruption. The experience of COVID 19 has further reinforced the relevance of such literary perspectives, demonstrating how disease outbreaks can generate lasting changes in social, cultural, political, and economic life.

Various researchers have discussed at length the story of Indians migrating to South Africa. There is quite a body of literature tracing the journey of Indians migrating to South Africa through different means. Through the different studies the question of ‘identity’ especially for Indians in South Africa, has been addressed time and again. South African Indian identity is the product of many different factors. Among the various factors that have led to the formation of this South Africa identity, perhaps the most significant is the media. Indians have been influenced with the Indian media, since the beginning of migration as indentured labour. This essay purports to analyze three types of Indian media that have been paramount in shaping Indian diasporic identity in South Africa: print media, especially newspapers; cinema, Bollywood; and social media, including Facebook, Instagram, and YouTube.

This paper seeks to evaluate contemporary trends of international migration using Mexico-US migration as a case study. It intends to capture the true diversity of migrants from Mexico and their evolving migration patterns over time. After evaluating it conceptually, the paper will analyze whether a country should have more open or more closed borders. Both US and Mexico understand the need for control and so the discussion will be on how much control. It will also focus on why people participated in protests against migration laws and what are the effects of these events. Thus, the empirical study will analyze the emergence and obstacles of social movement in order to better understand the immigrant rights movement highlighting the importance of protest intensity in influencing political attitudes as well as the relationship between protests and public opinion on immigration policy in the current scenario.